This course explores the moral and ethical challenges in modern warfare through the lens of key philosophical frameworks. Students will critically analyze topics such as Just War Theory, humanitarian intervention, conscientious objection, the use of private military contractors, counterterrorism tactics, and emerging technologies in warfare, including the ethical use of artificial intelligence. Case studies will provide real-world context to evaluate the ethical dilemmas faced by states, soldiers, and civilians. The course encourages students to engage in thoughtful discussions, tackle complex ethical questions, and develop nuanced perspectives on the intersection of morality, policy, and military action.